Damas Expert 3 7 2 Serial
Mechanistic data on early immunological events driving COVID-19 remain sparse due to limited access to human samples and the scarcity of robust small animal models. Notably, mice are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to phylogenetic differences in ACE2 (Damas et al., 2020; Parolin et al., 2021). To circumvent the missing sensitivity of conventional mice, some groups studying SARS-CoV-2-related immune mechanisms take advantage of KRT18-hACE2 transgenic mice, which express human ACE2 under the epithelial cytokeratin-18 (KRT18) promoter (Winkler et al., 2020). However, KRT18-hACE2 mice are overly susceptible as they develop deadly SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis (in addition to pneumonia) in response to low infection doses due to nonphysiological and broad (over)expression of hACE2 (Kumari et al., 2021). Recently, four mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains have been generated by either genetic engineering (Dinnon et al., 2020) and/or serial passaging (Gu et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2021; Leist et al., 2020). However, while infectivity is achieved with all of these strains, only two (Huang et al., 2021; Leist et al., 2020) cause a pathology that mimics human disease, and pathological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Of note, the VOCs Beta/B.1.351 (Tegally et al., 2020) and Gamma/P1 Voloch, 2020 have been recently found to productively replicate in mice without causing pneumonia (Montagutelli et al., 2021), indicating that additional mutations might further increase mouse infectivity and pathogenicity.
Damas Expert 3 7 2 Serial
We thank the animal care takers and veterinarians at the animal facility of the Medical University of Vienna for expert help. Dr. Reinhard Grabherr, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, kindly provided us with recombinant Spike protein. We thank Hans-Christian Theussl at the Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria, for support. We appreciate support by the flow cytometry core facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the Biomedical Sequencing Facility (BSF) jointly run by the Medical University of Vienna and CeMM. SK was supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF within the special research programs Immunothrombosis (F54-10) and Chromatin Landscapes (F61-04). RG received funding by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (ZK57-B28), and PS acknowledges funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (P31113-B30). AOR and HS were supported by the FWF (P 34253-B). BA was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) DK W1212. JMP and the research leading to these results has received funding from the T von Zastrow foundation, the FWF Wittgenstein award (Z271-B19), the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement no. 101005026, and the Canada 150 Research Chairs Program F18-01336 as well as the Canadian Institutes of Health Research COVID-19 grants F20-02343 and F20-02015.
2. Mice show a drop in body temperature while humans develop fever. This difference should be explained for the non-expert. Similarly, the reasons for severe weight loss (loss of appetite, diarrhoea, other?) should briefly be mentioned.
Mice show a drop in body temperature while humans develop fever. This difference should be explained for the non-expert. Similarly, the reasons for severe weight loss (loss of appetite, diarrhoea, other?) should briefly be mentioned.
Top-notch action scenes, gritty storytelling and superb fight sequences are a few reasons crime-related K-dramas are watched so avidly. These are not just mindless slasher dramas, but the makers ensure they create content of substance for their global fans. Complex plots, in-depth character analysis and a terrific background score are trademarks of these serial killer K-dramas.
Are you a bit saturated with all the mushy romantic K-dramas and need a change in your viewing palate? Then waste no time and peruse our selection of some of the best Korean serial killer dramas. Moreover, Somebody is releasing on Netflix on 18 November, which gives us a good enough reason to look back at the best shows from the subgenre.
Helmed by Jung Ji Woo, Somebody casts prominent names like Kim Young Kwang as Sung Yun Oh, Kang Hae Lim as Som and Kim Yong Ji as Mok Won. The creators have given a snazzy spin to the 2000 Hollywood classic, American Psycho, starring Christian Bale who is an investment banker but doubles as a ruthless serial killer.
While Mouse (2021) will grip you with its plot twists and psychological mind games, Beyond Evil (2021) will take you on a cat-and-mouse chase as the leads hunt down the serial killer. For those who would love a dash of sci-fi can, watch Tunnel (2017), which explores time travel along with unravelling a murder mystery.
Synopsis: In this sci-fi meets crime plot, Park Gwang Ho (Choi) is a detective who travels 30 years in the future from the year 1986 to catch a serial killer. Meanwhile, the murderer is wreaking havoc in both timelines, and Choi, along with a supportive team of detectives, tries to nab him.
Synopsis: The story is about an efficient detective Moo Jin-Hyuk (Jang) who turns into a recluse after his wife gets brutally killed at the hands of a serial killer. Kwon-Joo (Lee) is an expert voice profiler who also has lost her loved ones to the murderer. Together, they join forces to catch the killer.
Synopsis: The story of this mini-series is about a dreaded serial killer operating in the Gyeonggi Province whose identity is a mystery but is referred to as Gap Dong. After many years and a family tragedy, young police officer Ha Moo Yeom (Yoon) begins to investigate the case. Will he succeed in his mission to identify and catch the serial killer?
Synopsis: A reserved and introverted police officer (Lee) becomes an insurance agent to follow up on clues set by an intelligent serial killer. This is a good series for someone who is not interested in heavy plot points and too much gore.
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Vetrees et al (2008) reported on a retrospective review of outcomes of surgical repair of 83 patients with open abdomen that were treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Surgical management included early definitive abdominal closure (EDAC) (serial abdominal closure with prosthetic Gore-Tex Dualmesh and final closure supplemented with polypropylene mesh or Alloderm in 56 patients, primary fascial closure in 15 patients, planned ventral hernia (PVH) in 9 patients, and vacuum-assisted closure with Alloderm in 3 patients). Complications included removal of infected prosthetic mesh in 4 EDAC closure patients; the investigators noted that mesh-related complications had decreased over time. The investigators reported that rates of infection, abdominal wall hematoma, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism did not differ between groups. In the EDAC group, infections complicated final polypropylene mesh closure in 3 of 28 patients closed with prosthetic mesh; 1 of 14 patients closed with biologic mesh (Alloderm) noted increased laxity at the repair site. Of 56 patients treated with EDAC, 2 patients had recurrent ventral hernia. Of the 3 patients closed with Alloderm and vacuum assisted closure, 1 patient had recurrent ventral hernia. The investigators reported that no final Alloderm closures required removal after placement, but "long-term results have been disappointing ... The excessive cost of biologic material requires better results than those documented in previous studies." Limitations of this study include its lack of randomization, variation in the described closure methods, its retrospective nature, and limitations of some data points. The investigators concluded that "polypropylene mesh final EDAC closure risks infection and subsequent fistula formation, and long-term follow-up are needed. Use of biologic mesh as either final EDAC closure or with vacuum-assisted closure also requires long-term follow-up to justify its increased cost and increased risk of abdominal wall laxity."
Amniotext (Regenative Labs) is a minimally manipulated, amniotic membrane derived, human tissue allograft suspension product. The product serves to provide a barrier/support function and to aid in healing of defect. It is intended to provide the extracellular matrix needed for the infiltration, attachment and proliferation of cells required for the repair of damaged tissue. Amniotic membrane human tissue-based products have shown to reduce scarring, fibrosis and adhesions in surgical and wound sites. It is administered through a syringe to the defect and the amount is determined by the clinician based on the size of the defect. Each human tissue-based product distributed by Regenative Labs is identified by its own unique serial number. The product is packaged in a transport protective pouch. The product is contained in a cryogenic primary tissue container, which contains a product label that includes the product details such as unique product number, storage requirements and volumes. Contents are aseptically processed and are not considered sterile.
Amniotext patches (Regenative Labs) are minimally manipulated, amniotic membrane-derived, human tissue allografts. The product serves as wound covering. It is typically used for chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers. It provides the extracellular matrix needed for the infiltration, attachment and proliferation of cells required for repair of damaged tissue. The graft is applied directly to the wound bed and is available in various sizes, the size used matches the wound defect. Each human tissue-based product distributed by Regenative Labs is identified by its own unique serial number. The product is packaged in a transport protective pouch. The product is contained in a dual package tissue container system, in which the outermost ploy-foil pouch contains a product label that includes the product details such as unique product number, storage requirements and size. Contents are aseptically processed and sterilized, and are considered sterile.